Liquid admixture composition

ABSTRACT

An admixture comprises an aqueous composition of a) a copolymeric dispersing component, b) an antifoaming agent component, c) a surfactant component, and d) water. The components may be a blend or physically or chemically attached and result in a stable liquid system that can be used as a dispersing agent for a calcium sulfate compound containing construction chemicals composition.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11/451,625 filed Jun. 12, 2006, published as U.S. 2006/028186, that is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11/152,678 filed Jun. 14, 2005, now abandoned, which are both incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a liquid admixture composition for a calcium sulfate based binder system and a method of use.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various types of organic compounds have been used to advantageously alter certain properties of wet hydraulic binder compositions. One class of components, which can collectively be called “superplasticizers” fluidify or plasticize wet cement composition to obtain a more fluid composition. A controlled fluidity is desired, such that the aggregate used in mortars and concretes does not segregate from the cement paste. Alternatively, superplasticizers may allow the cement composition to be prepared using a lower water to cement ratio in order to obtain a composition having a desired consistency which often leads to a hardened cement composition having a higher compressive strength development after setting.

A good superplasticizer should not only fluidify the wet hydraulic binder composition to which it is added, but also maintain the level of fluidity over a desired period of time. This time should be long enough to keep the wet composition fluid, e.g. in a ready-mix truck while it is on its way to a job site. Another important aspect relates to the period for discharging the truck at the job site and the period needed for the cement composition for being worked in the desired final form. On the other side, the cement mixture cannot remain fluid for a too long time, that means the set must not greatly be retarded, because this will slow down the work on the job and show negative influences on the characteristics of the final hardened products.

Conventional examples of superplasticizers are melamine sulfonate/formaldehyde condensation products, naphthalene sulfonate/formaldehyde condensation products and lignosulfonates, polysaccharides, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts and carbohydrates.

In most cases, fluidizing agents are multi-component products with copolymers based on polyalkylene glycol monovinyl ethers and unsaturated dicarboxylic acid-derivatives as most important species. The European Patent EP 0 736 553 B1 discloses such copolymers comprising at least three sub-units and especially one unsaturated dicarboxylic acid derivative, polyalkylene glycol monovinyl ethers and additionally one hydrophobic structural unit, such as ester units. The third structural unit can also be represented by polypropylenoxid- and polypropylenoxid-polyethylenoxid-derivatives, respectively.

The German published application DE 195 43 304 A1 discloses an additive for water containing mixtures for the construction field comprising a) a water-soluble sulfonic acid-, carboxylic- or sulfate group containing cellulose derivative, b) a sulfonic acid- and/or carboxylic acid containing vinyl-(co)-polymer and/or a condensation product based on aminoplast-builders or acryl containing compounds and formaldehyde. This additive shall show sufficient water retention ability and rheology-modifying properties. Therefore, this additive shall be suitable for construction chemical compositions containing cement, plaster of paris, lime, anhydrite and other hydraulic binder components.

Copolymers based on unsaturated monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid derivatives, oxyalkylenglycolalkenylethers, vinylic polyalkylenglykol, polysiloxane or ester compounds used as additives for aqueous suspensions based on mineral or bituminous binders are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,777,517 B1. The use of such additives results in a decrease in the water/binder ratio and leads to highly fluid building materials without segregation of individual constituents from the building material mixture. The copolymers according to this U.S. patent are useful as additives for aqueous suspensions of inorganic and organic solids and especially for suspensions that are based on mineral or bituminous binders such as cement, plaster of paris, lime, anhydrite or other building materials based on calcium sulfate.

Disclosed also are copolymers of unsaturated ethers that can be used as plasticizers for cement containing mixtures (EP 0 537 870 A1). These copolymers contain an ether co-monomer and as additional co-monomer an olefinic unsaturated mono-carboxylic acid or an ester or a salt thereof, or alternatively an olefinic unsaturated sulfonic acid. These copolymers show a very short ether side chain with 1 to 50 units. The short side chain causes a sufficient plasticizing effect of the copolymers in cement containing masses with a reduced slump loss of the construction chemicals mass itself.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,623 discloses an emulsion admixture for use in hydraulic cement compositions formed by emulsifying an antifoaming agent, a surfactant and a copolymer having a carbon-containing backbone to which are attached groups that function as cement-anchoring members by forming ionic bonds and oxyalkylene groups. This admixture comprising an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) type comb polymer and an antifoaming agent allows a predictable air control in hydraulic cement compositions such as concrete. The term “cement composition” refers to pastes, mortars, grouts such as oil well cementing grouts, and concrete compositions comprising a hydraulic cement binder. Typical antifoaming agents are phosphate ester, borate ester and polyoxyalkylene copolymers with defoaming properties. The surface active component (surfactant) is said to stabilize the emulsion mixture and is chosen from the group consisting of an esterified fatty acid ester of a carbohydrate, a C₂ to C₂₀ alcohol having polyoxyalkylene groups or a mixture thereof.

An admixture composition for cementitious compositions is published in US 2005/0257720 A1. This admixture comprises a water insoluble defoamer, an amine salt solubilizing agent capable of solubilizing the water insoluble defoamer in an acidic medium, and optionally a dispersant for cementitious compositions. This combination of an amine salt solubilizing agent, a water insoluble defoamer and a dispersant provides a stable admixture for cementitious compositions by showing a long-term storage stability. Polycarboxylates are typical dispersant components. Mineral oils, vegetable oils, fatty acid ester, ether compounds, hydroxyl functional compounds, an alcohol, a phosphoric ester, a silicon, a polyoxyalkylene, a hydrocarbon, an acetylenic compound and a polymer comprising at least one of propylene oxide or ethylene oxide moieties are typical water insoluble defoamer. Hydraulic cements are portland cement, masonry cement, alumina cement, refractory cement, magnesia cement, calciumsulfoaluminate cement and oil well cements.

WO 2006/021792 A2 discloses a method of cementing in a subterranean formation whereby a cement composition is provided that comprises water, hydraulic cement and a defoamer. Components of the defoamer include at least one compound selected from the group of a defoaming hydrocarbon base fluid, a surfactant, a hydrophobic particle or a mixture therefore. The hydraulic cement can be a gypsum cement and the cement composition can further contain a dispersant.

As indicated above this application is based on the prior patent published as US 2006/0281886, which discloses a co-polymer comprising two monomer components with a component a) being an olefinic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid co-monomer or an ester or a salt thereof or an olefinic unsaturated sulfuric acid co-monomer or a salt thereof, and with component b) preferably represented by an ether compound. This two monomeric co-polymer can be preferably used as a superplasticizer in a hydraulic binder containing composition. There it is alternatively disclosed that the co-polymer can be used in combination with a defoaming component that is also an additional structural unit of the co-polymer. Consequently, the defoaming component can be chemically attached to the co-polymer or being present in free form in a blend. Under general aspects the prior art teaches the use of dispersing agents (plasticizers) such as polycarboxylate ethers (PCE) as typical additive for calcium sulfate containing binder systems. This results in a water reduction as well as in an enhancement of physical properties such as compressive strength due to an increase in gypsum cast density. Additionally, the workability and preferably the rheological behavior of the construction chemicals composition are improved. On the other hand the addition of PCE based dispersants causes a distinct air entrainment to the binder component that worsens the physical properties of the composition. For overcoming these drawbacks defoamer components are used as additional additive to the dispersing agent. However, defoamers show a low solubility in aqueous formulations and cause an insufficient stability. Moreover, the defoaming properties of the formulation decrease over time due to the resulting phase separation of the defoamer and the dispersant.

Based on the different characteristics and the availability of the superplasticizers mentioned above, it has been further desired to come up with new admixtures which are an improvement over the current state of the art. It is thus an object of this invention to provide new additives for calcium sulfate binder containing compositions which impart to wet binder compositions excellent fluidizing and water reduction properties. An additional aspect is an aqueous and calcium sulfate based suspension with sufficient workability.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a liquid admixture composition for a calcium sulfate binder system containing composition comprising an aqueous composition comprising a) a copolymeric dispersing component, b) an antifoaming agent component, c) a surfactant component, and d) water.

The term “calcium sulfate compound” according to this invention means calcium sulfate in its anhydrous and hydrate forms, such as gypsum, anhydrite, calcium sulfate dihydrate and calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate.

The term “gypsum” according to this invention is also known as calcium sulfate, whereby calcium sulfate can be used in its various anhydrous and hydrate forms with or without crystal water. Natural gypsum is represented by calcium sulfate dihydrate and the natural crystal water free form of calcium sulfate is represented by the term “anhydrite”. Besides the natural forms, calcium sulfate is a typical by-product of technical processes characterized by the term “synthetic gypsum”. One example of such technical processes is the flue gas desulphurization. Synthetic gypsum may also be a by-product of phosphorous acid and hydrogen fluoride production methods for gaining hemi-hydrate forms (CaSO₄ ½H₂O). Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO₄.2H₂O) may be calcined by driving off the water of hydration. Products of the various calcined procedures are alpha or beta hemi-hydrate. Beta calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate particles show a highly porous structure formed by the rapid release of water during the heating in open units. Alpha hemi-hydrate is produced by a de-watering of gypsum in closed autoclaves. In this case the crystal form of alpha hemi-hydrate has lower surface area and is denser, and therefore lower water demand than beta hemi-hydrate.

On the other hand, gypsum hemi-hydrate re-hydrates with water to calcium dihydrate crystals. Usually, the hydration of calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate is completed in a period of minutes to hours indicating a clearly shortened workability period in contrast to cements that hydrate in periods over hours or days. These characteristics make gypsum an attractive alternative to cement as hydraulic binder in various fields of application, because hardened final gypsum products show a characteristic hardness and compressive strength.

Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate can produce at least two crystal forms, whereby α-calcined gypsum is usually de-watered (de-hydrated) in closed autoclaves. For various fields of application, β-calcined gypsum may be selected due to its availability under economical aspects. However, these advantages may be reversed because β-calcined gypsum needs higher water amounts for workability and for making slurries of a given fluidity. Hardened or dried gypsum made from calcium sulfate hemihydrate mixed at higher water-stucco-ratio tends to be less dense. Therefore, products thereof show less strength than gypsum products that have been made with smaller amounts of water.

In general, the workability of gypsum, but also of other hydraulic binders, can be improved under hydraulic aspects by adding dispersants. In this connection, the admixture composition according to this invention represents a suitable dispersant because of the dispersing properties of its aqueous composition component.

In a specific alternative the claimed admixture contains component a) in an amount of 10 to 60.0% by weight, the antifoaming agent b) 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, the surfactant component c) 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, and the rest is d) water. The given amounts are based on the total aqueous composition. In a more preferred admixture the component a) is in an amount of 20.0 to 50.0% by weight, the antifoaming agent b) 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, the surfactant component c) 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, and the rest as d) water.

Based on the main aspect of the invention that the aqueous composition comprising the components a), b), c) and d) is an essential component of the liquid admixture composition for a calcium sulphate based binder system. An important aspect are the amounts of the single components a) to d) and therefore one preferred aspect of the invention is an admixture wherein the amounts of the antifoaming agent b) and the surfactant component c) are independently from 0.05 to 10.0% by weight, related to the dispersing component a).

The component a) should be a copolymer having a₁) a carbon containing backbone to which are attached groups that function as calcium sulfate compound-anchoring members by forming ionic bonds with calcium ions of the calcium sulfate compound, and a₂) oxyalkylene groups.

Preferably the copolymer of component a) includes two monomer components wherein component a₁) is:

an olefinic unsaturated mono-carboxylic acid co-monomer or an ester or salt thereof or an olefinic unsaturated sulfonic acid compound as further co-monomer or a salt thereof,

and component a₂) is:

a co-monomer according to the general formula (I)

wherein R₁ is represented by

-   -   and whereby R₂═H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1         to 5 carbon atoms, R₃ is a non-substituted or substituted aryl         group and preferably phenyl, and R₄═H or an aliphatic         hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a         cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 8 carbon         atoms, a substituted aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms         or a compound selected from the group

wherein R₅ and R₇ may each be an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group and R₆ may be an alkyliden, aryliden, aralkyliden or alkaryliden group and p=0, 1, 2 or 3, m and n=independently 2, 3, 4 or 5, x and y are independently and integer from 1 to 350, and z=0 to 200.

In general, these polymers according to the invention and based on their dispersing properties show excellent plasticizing effects over time and additionally can be prepared by using usual preparation methods. Therefore, under economic aspects, these co-polymers as a component of liquid admixture compositions and together with other functional components such as the co-claimed antifoaming agent and the surfactant show significant improvements over the prior art. Another aspect is that the aqueous composition as a component of the admixture exhibits its plasticizing effect mainly in the field of gypsum as defined herein. Additionally, the improved effect of the copolymer together with the anti-foaming agent and the surfactant can be selectively chosen based on the broad variety of the ether co-monomer and especially based on the broad scope of the side chain length.

The copolymer according to the invention as component a) exhibits especially more advantageous properties when it includes the co-monomer component a₁) in amounts of from 30 to 99 mol-% and the ether component a₂) from 70 to 1 mol-%.

As used herein, the mentioned co-monomers a₁) and a₂), respectively, are to be interpreted as structural units of the claimed copolymer after its polymerization.

In a preferred embodiment the mol-% of the co-monomer component a₁) and the co-monomer a₂) is from 40 to 95 and from 60 to 5, respectively, and the ether component a₂) with p=0 or 1 is represented by a vinyl or an allyl group and additionally contains a polyether as R₁; additionally, the co-monomer component a₁) is in this alternative an acrylic acid or a salt thereof.

In general, according to the present invention, the co-monomer component a₁) is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, (meth)allyl sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, and their suitable salts or their alkyl or hydroxyalkyl esters, or mixtures thereof.

Alternatively, other co-monomers, such as styrene or acrylamides may be additionally be co-polymerized with the ether component a₂) and comonomer component a₁). Alternatively, components with hydrophobic properties may be used. Compounds with ester structural units, polypropylene oxide or polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide (PO/PE) or polybutylene oxide-polyoxyethylene (PB/PE) or polystyrene oxide-polyethylene oxide (PS/PE)-units are preferred. These additional structural units should be represented in the copolymer in amounts up to 5 mol-%; amounts from 0.05 to 3 mol-% and 0.1 to 1.0 mol-% are preferred. Compounds as disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,425 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,777,517 as structural units c) and any related and in these both documents disclosed species of compounds are more preferred. Regarding the structure of the additional co-monomer U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,425 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,777,517 are incorporated into this application by reference and therefore are to be seen as disclosed herein.

An additional preferred alternative of the copolymers according to this invention is to be seen in formula (I) representing a vinyl or an allyl group containing polyether.

As already mentioned, the copolymers of this invention can be produced by relatively simple methods and especially when the polymerisation is carried out in an oxygen-depleted or oxygen-free atmosphere. There also may be added some amounts of solvents to make the ether component soluble. In the case that co-monomer a₂) is a poly-alcoholic group or an alkylen oxide derivatived poly-alcohol group, and R₂ of the ether component is hydrogen, respectively, water is the solvent to be preferred. Alternatively, a mixture of water and alcohol, such as isopropanol, may be added. In the case that R₂ is other than hydrogen, then organic solvents and especially toluene is to be seen as preferred.

For starting the polymerisation reaction, the basic mixture is heated to ambient temperature or smoothly cooled down. Another suitable alternative may be the addition of a redox system as initiator component. This redox system may comprise reducing and oxidizing agents and preferably Rongalite™ or Bruggolite™ and additionally a peroxide or a persulfate like H₂O₂ or ammonia persulfate. These reagents may be preferably used in systems with water as solvent. Rongalite, also called Rongalit (registered trademark of BASF) is sodium hydroxymethylsulfinate. The salt is water-soluble and generally sold as the dihydrate. This salt is prepared from sodium dithionite, it is used both as a reducing agent and as a reagent to introduce SO₂ groups into organic molecules. Bruggolite (Brüggolit) of Brüggemann Chemicals is a sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (SFS) based reducing agent for the textile, pharmaceutical and bleaching industry.

In principal, two alternatives may be selected to produce the copolymers according to this invention:

Alternative A:

The co-monomer mixture and the reducing agent containing mixture are to be added to the ether containing mixture stepwise or simultaneously; the temperatures range from 0 to 50° C.

Alternative B:

The mixture containing the oxidizing agent is to be added stepwise to the complete monomer mixture.

Then the reaction mixture is usually stirred until all the peroxide has reacted. In the case that organic solvents are to be used, these will be distilled. The reaction product will then be cooled down and the copolymer is to be neutralized by using a base (such as alkaline or alkaline earth metals, amines or alkanol amines). The addition of an aqueous solution comprising sodium or calcium hydroxide is a preferred alternative.

This disclosed process represents an example for producing the copolymer according to this invention.

Finally, this invention covers a preferred alternative with the copolymers in powdery form. The powder is to be achieved by a final drying step and more preferably, by spray drying.

In contrast to the state of the art this method produces beneficial powdery copolymers to be added to hydraulic and calcium sulfate containing mixtures in any selected dilution.

Besides the copolymeric dispersing component a) the aqueous composition according to the claimed liquid admixture additionally comprises an anti-foaming agent as component b). This antifoaming agent is preferably selected from the group consisting of a mineral oil, a vegetable oil, a silicon oil, a silicon containing emulsion, a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, an organic modified polysiloxane, a borate ester, an alkoxylate, a polyoxialkylene copolymer, acetylenic diols having defoaming properties and a phosphoric ester having the formula P(O)(O—R₈)_(3-x)(O—R₉)_(x), wherein P represents phosphorus, O represents oxygen and R₈ and R₉ are independently a C₂-C₂₀ alkyl or an aryl group and x=0, 1, 2, whereby an alkyl group with C₂-C₈ is preferred.

Preferably said antifoaming agent comprises tri-alkylphosphate and more preferably triiso-butylphosphate, a polyoxypropylen-copolymer and a glycerol alcoholate.

The invention additionally comprises an admixture wherein said anti-foaming agent comprises a mixtures of a tri-alkylphosphate and a polyoxypropylene copolymer.

The third component c) of the aqueous composition, namely the surfactant, is preferably selected from the group consisting of a ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymer, a styrene/maleic acid copolymer, a fatty alcohol alkoxylate, an alcohol ethoxylate R₁₀-(EO)—H with R₁₀ being an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, acetylenic diols, monoalkylpolyalkylenes, ethoxylated nonylphenols, alkylsulfates, alkylethersulfats, alkylethersulfonates, alkylethercarboxylates.

More preferably surfactant component c) comprises an alcohol having a polyalkylene group consisting of a carbon chain length of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, with a specific carbon chain length of C₃-C₁₂.

Advantageously the admixture according to the invention comprises an aqueous composition that contains the antifoaming agent component b) in free form or attached to the dispersing component a), or a mixture thereof. If the antifoaming agent is attached to the dispersing component it can be physically or chemically attached, and if it is chemically attached in this case a polymerized and/or grafted form is preferred. When chemically attached, the antifoaming agent also can be considered as a third co-monomer of the copolymeric dispersing component. In its free form the antifoaming agent is a blend component of the aqueous composition. Thus, antifoaming agent component b) is either physically and/or chemically attached to the dispersing component a) and/or it is a free form component and therefore part of a blend.

In addition to the admixture per se the invention also relates to the admixture prepared by the process of forming an aqueous composition of containing components a), b) and c) preferably as a physical blend (mixture), by combining the dispersing component a) with the surfactant component c) as a stabilizing agent in water and adding the antifoaming agent b) to the aqueous solution consisting of the stabilized combination of components a) and c).

According to a second alternative components a), b) and c) are formed into an aqueous composition, preferably as a physical blend (mixture), by combining the antifoaming agent b) with the surfactant component c) as a stabilizing agent in water and adding the dispersant component a) to the aqueous solution consisting of combination of components b) and c). Alternatively, the aqueous solution of the combination of components b) and c) can be added to the dispersant component a). The invention generally relates to any sequence of combining the main components a), b) and c) under suitable reaction parameters such as temperature and pressure. Preferred are temperatures between 15 and 60° C. and more preferred are ambient temperatures and ambient pressure.

Thus, the liquid admixture composition of the invention is a stable liquid system being mainly a dispersion with a mixture of suspension systems and/or emulsion systems. The final system of the admixture depends from the chemical nature of components a), b) and c) and their amounts in the aqueous composition. Independent from the final systems or the comprised sub-systems the liquid admixture relates to the aqueous composition in a stable form. It is an important aspect of the given invention that the liquid admixture represents a stabilized solution with hydrophobic properties that shows its advantages in a calcium sulfate component containing system.

In embodiments where the defoaming agent is provided as an additional chemical structural group of the copolymer the already mentioned structural units “c)” of the European patents U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,425 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,777,517 may be used.

In addition to the admixture per se this invention also relates to a hydraulic binder containing composition that additionally to a calcium sulfate compound as the hydraulic component comprises a copolymer containing aqueous composition.

The invention also relates to a method of use of the claimed admixture as dispersing agent (superplasticizer) for a non-hardened (wet) and a calcium sulfate binder containing composition. In this connection the copolymer is preferably used in amounts from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight and more preferably in amounts from 0.05 to 5.0% by weight, each amount relating to the weight of the binder component.

Surprisingly, homogenous dispersing agent containing admixtures with a high storage stability can be achieved by the addition of surfactants such as Lutensol®TO6 or a styrene/maleic acid copolymer. Such admixtures of the invention containing an aqueous composition of a dispersant, a defoamer and a surfactant show an improved stability over time, distinct dispersing properties in a binder and preferably calcium sulfate containing compositions and a low air entrainment during preparation. The admixtures of the invention comprise PCE as disclosed in US 20060281886 with acrylic acid and an alkoxylated vinylether as monomers, a water insoluble defoamer (such as Pluriol®P2000 or Degressal type defoamers of BASF AG) and an emulsifying surfactant. The preparation of such admixtures of the invention can vary: The defoamer and the surfactant can subsequently added to the aqueous dispersant solution or, alternatively, a mixture containing the defoamer and the surfactant can be dispersed into an aqueous PCE solution. In calcium sulfate containing binder systems such as anhydrite based grouts the admixtures of the invention cause a significant reduction in air entrainment and also a considerable improvement in flow compared to PCE containing formulations without a defoamer component.

The admixture composition of the invention and especially its application as dispersing agent in a calcium sulfate compound containing composition represents a clear improvement of the state of the art because the admixture with its contained aqueous composition induces a uniform plasticizing effect over time and an improvement of the physical properties due to reduction of both water and air content in the wet construction chemicals gypsum mass. Furthermore, the claimed admixture shows an improved storage stability and homogeneity. Additionally, the pumpability and workability of the wet hydraulic binder containing composition is significantly improved.

The following examples underline the advantages of the claimed admixture, its contained aqueous composition, the comprised components and its use.

EXAMPLES 1. Admixture Preparation Example 1.1

To a 1 liter four necked glass flask with a temperature controller, a reflux condenser and two dropping funnels 490.0 g water, 350.0 g (0.06 mol) polyethylene glycol-5800-monovinylether and 10.0 g NaOH (20%) were added. An mixture comprising 26.0 g (0.36 mol) of acrylic acid in 40.0 g water was produced separately and then was added to the polyethylene glycol-monovinylether-solution; the pH decreased to 5.3. Then 40.0 mg iron(II)sulfate-heptahydrate (“green vitriol”) and 4.0 g Rongalite™ and 1.5 g mercaptoethanol was added. After a short period of stirring 3.6 g 50% hydrogen peroxide was added. The temperature increased from 20 to 29° C. Then the solution was stirred for 10 minutes at ambient temperature and was subsequently neutralized with 37.0 g of a 20% sodium hydroxide solution. The copolymeric dispersant was a light yellow colored, clear and aqueous polymer solution with a solid concentration of 40% by weight. To the copolymeric dispersant the antifoaming agent and the surfactant were added: This emulsion was made by adding consecutively the antifoaming agent and the surfactant to the stirred solution (500 rpm) of the copolymeric dispersant at ambient temperature (25° C.). The amounts of the materials shown in Table 1 are in percent by weight of the solution.

Example 1.2

To the flask according to Example 1 490 g water, 350.0 g (0.06 mol) polyethylene glycol-5800-monovinylether, 35.0 g (0.006 mol) of a mixed ethylene-propylene polyalkylene glycol-6000-monovinylether, having a 10% propylene content, and 10.0 g NaOH (20%) were added. A mixture comprising 26.0 g (0.36 mol) of acrylic acid in 40.0 g water was produced separately and then been added to the polyethylene glycol-monovinylether-solution; the pH decreased to 5.3. Then 40.0 mg iron(II)sulfate-heptahydrate (“green vitriol”) and 4.0 g Rongalite™ and 1.5 g mercaptoethanol were added. After a short period of stirring 3.6 g 50% hydrogen peroxide were added. The temperature increased from 20 to 29° C. The solution was than stirred for 10 minutes at ambient temperature and was subsequently neutralized with 37.0 g of a 20% sodium hydroxide solution. The copolymeric dispersant was a light yellow colored, clear and aqueous polymer solution with a solid concentration of 40% by weight. To the copolymeric dispersant a mixture of the antifoaming agent and the surfactant has been added: This emulsion was formed by adding the antifoaming agent to the surfactant under stirring at 500 rpm and subsequently mixing this blend to the copolymeric dispersant at ambient temperature (25° C.). The amounts of the materials shown in Table 1 are in percent by weight of the solution.

2. Application Test in a Gypsum System

In the following admixtures (Test Solution) antifoaming agent A1 has been a polypropyleneglycol commercially available as Pluriol® P2000 and antifoaming agent A2 an alkoxylated alcohol commercially available as Degressal® SD23, both from BASF Aktiengesellschaft. Surfactant S1 was a isotridecanolethoxylate commercially available as Lutensol® TO6 from BASF Aktiengesellschaft. Surfactant S2 is a styrene/maleic acid copolymer which was synthesized according to EP 0306449 A2.

TABLE 1 Antifoaming agent Dispersant (%) Surfactant (%) Stability, Solution according to example A1 A2 S1 S2 3 month at 25° C. E1 1.1 0.6 0.4 + E2 1.1 0.4 0.6 + E3 1.1 0.6 0.4 + E4 1.1 0.4 0.6 + E5 1.1 0.4 0.6 + E6 1.1 0.4 0.6 + E7 1.2 0.4 0.6 + E8 1.2 0.4 0.6 + E9 1.2 0.4 0.8 + E10  1.2 0.4 0.6 + C1 1.1 0.4 —)* C2 1.2 0.4 —)* C3 1.1 n.a. )*phase separation within two days

Guide Recipe

FGD anhydrite (flue gas gypsum) 350 g Sand (0-2 mm) 536.3 g Quartz filler 1600 100 g CEM I 42.5 R 10.5 g Potassium sulfate 2.5 g Tylose MH 2000 0.3 g Water 200 g Admixture (Superplasticizer) 0.02%-bwg (=by weight of gypsum)

Mixing Procedure and Measurement:

The mixing procedure and the measurements were done in accordance with the European Standard EN 196-1 and DIN 18555-2.

TABLE 2 Flow (cm) Admixture 0 15 30 45 60 min Air content (%) E2 21.9 21.7 21.7 21.3 21.1 1.5 E6 22.4 22.3 22.1 22.0 22.0 1.5 E8 21.7 21.6 20.7 20.6 20.4 1.4 C3 20.3 20.5 20.3 20.0 20.0 6.0

As illustrated in Table 2, the admixtures according to the invention show defoaming properties. The air contents were found to be significantly lower than in the comparison example C3. 

1-38. (canceled)
 39. A composition comprising: a hydraulic binder, wherein the hydraulic binder is a calcium sulfate compound; and an aqueous composition, said aqueous composition comprising a copolymeric dispersing agent having a copolymer; an antifoaming agent; a surfactant; and water.
 40. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the calcium sulfate compound is in anhydrous form or in hydrate form.
 41. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the copolymeric dispersing agent is 10.0 to 60.0% by weight based on the total weight of aqueous composition; the amount of the antifoaming agent is 0.01 to 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of aqueous composition, the amount of the surfactant is 0.01 to 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of aqueous composition, and the remainder is water.
 42. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the amount of the copolymeric dispersing agent is 20.0 to 50.0% by weight, the amount of the antifoaming agent is 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, the amount of the surfactant is 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, and the rest is water, whereby any of the given amounts are based on the total weight of the aqueous composition.
 43. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the antifoaming agent and the surfactant are independently present in an amount of from 0.05 to 10.0% by weight related to the copolymer dispersing agent.
 44. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the copolymer of the copolymeric dispersing agent has a₁) a carbon-containing backbone to which are attached groups that function as calcium-sulfate compound-anchoring members by forming ionic bonds with calcium ions of the calcium sulfate compound, and a₂) oxyalkylene groups.
 45. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the copolymer of the copolymeric dispersing agent consists of two monomer components wherein component a₁) is an olefinic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid comonomer or an ester or a salt thereof or an olefinic unsaturated sulfuric acid compound or a salt thereof, and component a₂) is a comonomer of the formula (I)

wherein R1 is

and whereby in R₂ is H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R₃ is a non-substituted or substituted aryl group, and R₄ is H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms or a compound selected from the group

wherein R₅ and R₇ are independently an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group and R₆ is an alkylidene, arylidene, aralkylidene or alkarylidene group and p is 0, 1, 2 or 3, m and n are independently 2, 3, 4 or 5, x and y are independently an integer from 1 to 350, and z is 0 to
 200. 46. The composition according to claim 45, wherein R₃ is phenyl.
 47. The composition according to claim 44, wherein comonomer a₁) is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, (meth)allylsulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, a salt thereof, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl esters thereof, or a mixture thereof.
 48. The composition according to claim 44, wherein copolymeric dispersing agent comprises from 30 to 99 mol % of the comonomer component a₁) and from 70 to 1 mol % of the ether component a₂).
 49. The composition according to claim 44, wherein the amount of the comonomer component a₁) is from 40 to 95 mol % and the amount of the comonomer component a₂) is from 60 to 5 mol %.
 50. The composition according to claim 44, wherein the comonomer component a₁) is an acrylic acid or a salt thereof and the ether component a₂) with p is 0 or 1 represents a vinyl or allyl group and additionally contains a polyether.
 51. The composition according to claim 45, wherein the dispersing agent a) comprises additional structural groups in copolymerized form.
 52. The composition according to claim 51, wherein the additional structural group is at least one of a styrene, acrylamide, or a hydrophobic compound.
 53. The composition according to claim 52, wherein the additional structural group is at least one of an ester structural unit, polypropylene oxide and polypropylene oxide/polyethylene oxide, polybuthylene oxide-polyoxyethylene, polystyrene oxide-polyethylene oxide-unit.
 54. The composition according to claim 51, wherein the additional structural group is contained in amounts up to 5 mol %.
 55. The composition according to claim 54, wherein the additional structural group is contained in amounts from 0.05 to 3.0 mol %.
 56. The composition according to claim 54, wherein the additional structural group is contained in amounts from 0.1 to 1.0 mol %.
 57. The composition according to claim 45, wherein formula (I) represents a vinyl or allyl group containing polyether.
 58. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the dispersing agent a) is provided as a powder.
 59. The composition according to claim 58, wherein the powder has been produced by spray drying.
 60. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the antifoaming agent component b) is selected from the group consisting of a mineral oil, a vegetable oil, a silicon oil, a silicon containing emulsion, a fatty acid and a fatty acid ester, an organic modified polysiloxane, a borate ester, an alkoxylate, a polyoxialkylene copolymer, an acetylenic diol having defoaming properties and a phosphoric ester having the formula P(O)(O—R₈)_(3-x)(O—R₉)_(x) wherein P represents phosphorus, O represents oxygen and R₈ and R₉ are independently a C₂-C₂₀ alkyl or an aryl group and x=0, 1,
 2. 61. The composition according to claim 60, wherein said antifoaming agent b) comprises at least one of tri-alkylphosphate, a polyoxypropylene copolymer or a glycerol alcoholate.
 62. The composition according to claim 61, wherein the antifoaming agent is triiso-butylphosphate.
 63. The composition according to claim 61, wherein said antifoaming agent comprises a mixture of a tri-alkylphosphate and a polyoxypropylene copolymer.
 64. The composition according to claim 39, wherein said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymer, a styrene/maleic acid copolymer, a fatty alcohol alkoxylate, an alcohol ethoxylate R₁₀-(EO)—H wherein R₁₀ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, an acetylenic diol, a monoalkylpolyalkylene, an ethoxylated nonylphenol, an alkylsulfate, an alkylethersulfate, an alkylethersulfonate or an alkylethercarboxylate.
 65. The composition according to claim 39, wherein said surfactant comprises an alcohol having a polyalkylene group having a carbon chain length of from 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
 66. The composition according to claim 65, wherein said polyalkylene group has a carbon chain length of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
 67. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the antifoaming agent is in the aqueous composition in at least one of free form, or attached to the copolymeric dispersing agent.
 68. The composition according to claim 39, wherein aqueous composition is formed by combining the dispersing agent with the surfactant as a stabilizing agent in dilution water and adding the antifoaming agent to the aqueous solution containing of the stabilized combination of the copolymeric dispersing agent and the surfactant.
 69. The composition according claim 39, wherein an aqueous composition is formed by combining the antifoaming agent with the surfactant as a stabilizing agent in dilution water and adding the copolymeric dispersing agent to the aqueous solution containing of the combination of the antifoaming agent and the surfactant or alternatively, adding the aqueous solution containing the combination of the antifoaming agent and the surfactant to the copolymeric dispersing agent.
 70. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the aqueous composition is formed by adding the surfactant to an aqueous solution containing the copolymeric dispersing agent and the antifoaming agent.
 71. The composition according to claim 68, wherein the formed aqueous solution is a physical blend.
 72. A method comprising preparing an admixture by admitting a copolymeric dispersing agent, and antifoaming agent, a surfactant and water to form the admixture, and mixing the admixture a wet and not-hardened composition which contains a calcium sulfate component.
 73. The method of claim 72, wherein hardened the calcium sulfate component is an anhydrous or an hydrate form.
 74. The method according to claim 72, wherein the admixture is mixed with a wet and not-hardened composition, which contains a calcium sulfate component, wherein the admixture is added in an amount sufficient to act as a superplastiziser.
 75. The method according to claim 74, wherein the admixture is added in an amount of from 0.05 to 5.0% by weight wherein the amount is based on the weight of the calcium sulfate component.
 76. The composition according to claim 39, wherein the calcium sulfate compound is selected from the group consisting of gypsum, anhydrite, calcium sulfate dihydrate and calcium sulfate hydrate.
 77. The method of claim 72, wherein the calcium sulphate compound is selected from the group consisting of such as gypsum, anhydrite, calcium sulfate dihydrate and calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate.
 78. The method according to claim 74, wherein the admixture is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 10.0% by weight, wherein the amount is based on the weight of the calcium sulphate component. 